Shanghai, el primer puerto del mundo en tráfico de contenedores, también es el puerto mejor conectado a nivel internacional, según un informe de la United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
El índice de conectividad de transporte marítimo de UNCTAD, organización perteneciente a Naciones Unidad, tiene como objetivo posicionar los puertos en la red global de servicios marítimos. En el estudio se extraen datos de un total de más 900 puerto que operan contenedores.
El puerto chino de Shanghai obtiene una tasa de conectividad de 134,3 puntos. Le siguen algunos de los principales puertos de contenedores: Singapur (124,6 puntos), Pusan (114,4) y Ningbo (114,3), Hong Kong (102,7), Amberes (93,7), Rotterdam (92,7 ), Qingdao (92,5), Port Klang (86,1) , Kaohsiung (83). Xiamen (79) y Xingang (78).
Valencia, primer puerto español en conectividad
En el caso de los puertos españoles (ver cuadro adjunto), UNCTAD concede los mayores índices a Valencia (61,6 puntos- puesto 27) , Algeciras (60,5- puesto 31) y Barcelona (59,6-puesto 32).
Índice de conectividad de transporte marítimo de línea, anual
AÑO | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
China, Shanghai | 81,67 | 89,60 | 109,76 | 105,26 | 107,17 | 122,48 | 117,16 | 117,80 | 120,22 | 125,34 | 127,86 | 126,39 | 133,58 | 134,32 |
Singapore, Singapore | 94,94 | 99,46 | 102,45 | 99,75 | 108,69 | 115,71 | 115,48 | 113,42 | 111,11 | 116,95 | 118,35 | 118,06 | 128,10 | 124,63 |
Korea, Republic of , Pusan | 77,38 | 78,66 | 80,40 | 84,68 | 84,30 | 97,46 | 96,28 | 99,10 | 101,46 | 108,19 | 109,84 | 108,85 | 111,96 | 114,45 |
China, Ningbo | 56,04 | 67,82 | 78,54 | 77,73 | 78,79 | 89,32 | 89,84 | 92,04 | 96,91 | 101,32 | 104,06 | 106,79 | 116,27 | 114,35 |
China, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong | 100,00 | 105,66 | 113,48 | 103,42 | 105,78 | 112,92 | 105,98 | 106,21 | 107,24 | 107,35 | 104,21 | 102,55 | 107,79 | 102,79 |
Belgium, Antwerp | 81,50 | 83,06 | 83,57 | 83,61 | 89,56 | 90,35 | 86,15 | 83,64 | 84,74 | 89,49 | 92,29 | 93,43 | 94,81 | 93,73 |
Netherlands, Rotterdam | 77,14 | 84,08 | 89,53 | 86,07 | 87,61 | 87,83 | 87,57 | 81,45 | 88,63 | 89,66 | 89,91 | 88,40 | 93,71 | 92,75 |
China, Qingdao | 47,75 | 52,58 | 53,69 | 58,59 | 56,57 | 69,68 | 65,52 | 68,10 | 69,62 | 77,97 | 88,05 | 88,82 | 92,29 | 92,52 |
Malaysia, Port Klang | 61,92 | 66,55 | 69,20 | 66,55 | 69,31 | 81,68 | 81,12 | 80,54 | 78,48 | 83,17 | 91,44 | 80,35 | 83,74 | 86,17 |
China, Taiwan Province of, Kaohsiung | 60,90 | 56,73 | 58,56 | 57,18 | 57,23 | 61,35 | 58,22 | 61,70 | 63,53 | 72,84 | 72,13 | 71,81 | 73,35 | 83,01 |
China, Xiamen | 43,34 | 49,43 | 47,09 | 55,28 | 58,59 | 63,07 | 57,61 | 61,96 | 61,50 | 67,06 | 73,13 | 70,98 | 78,40 | 79,05 |
China, Xingang | 40,10 | 45,04 | 49,12 | 50,21 | 57,92 | 60,59 | 61,76 | 65,41 | 64,24 | 64,06 | 68,44 | 74,55 | 78,32 | 78,02 |
Germany, Hamburg | 73,35 | 74,40 | 75,56 | 72,36 | 71,59 | 78,61 | 75,42 | 74,34 | 72,05 | 76,21 | 80,57 | 74,93 | 77,53 | 77,46 |
China, Shekou | 34,70 | 35,78 | 42,24 | 42,35 | 43,73 | 56,35 | 57,65 | 58,19 | 59,90 | 60,35 | 57,92 | 66,07 | 79,71 | 77,35 |
United Arab Emirates, Jebel Ali | 37,92 | 42,85 | 48,02 | 58,98 | 62,88 | 63,62 | 63,15 | 64,42 | 62,46 | 61,86 | 64,97 | 70,81 | 76,01 | 74,55 |
China, Yantian | 47,03 | 54,40 | 61,52 | 55,73 | 60,15 | 68,33 | 64,88 | 64,64 | 68,92 | 71,80 | 73,41 | 74,50 | 78,62 | 73,37 |
China, Nansha | 18,65 | 24,82 | 30,09 | 29,14 | 30,83 | 42,51 | 45,10 | 45,28 | 46,00 | 48,37 | 52,00 | 53,03 | 58,25 | 66,83 |
Malaysia, Tanjung Pelepas | 34,25 | 41,97 | 36,11 | 48,27 | 37,74 | 54,13 | 56,08 | 57,44 | 61,23 | 64,59 | 63,15 | 62,60 | 64,24 | 66,69 |
Sri Lanka, Colombo | 35,83 | 41,95 | 42,33 | 38,17 | 39,12 | 42,23 | 42,58 | 41,35 | 45,20 | 50,82 | 56,37 | 63,02 | 64,04 | 63,52 |
China, Dalian | 38,97 | 39,57 | 41,24 | 44,03 | 44,83 | 53,32 | 55,54 | 54,13 | 56,02 | 61,50 | 62,98 | 62,34 | 63,11 | 63,23 |
Greece, Piraeus | 31,95 | 23,44 | 26,49 | 32,19 | 28,95 | 32,52 | 42,32 | 42,42 | 45,84 | 46,48 | 45,06 | 47,09 | 54,25 | 63,02 |
Germany, Bremerhaven | 50,10 | 57,04 | 62,50 | 55,73 | 54,31 | 56,37 | 60,34 | 57,51 | 63,30 | 63,03 | 64,95 | 64,80 | 66,23 | 62,18 |
Spain, Valencia | 42,39 | 44,59 | 40,04 | 45,99 | 54,32 | 55,65 | 54,59 | 53,42 | 53,25 | 53,37 | 53,39 | 54,24 | 54,58 | 61,68 |
Japan, Yokohama | 61,12 | 61,51 | 60,82 | 60,34 | 60,87 | 58,21 | 55,72 | 56,26 | 53,05 | 64,13 | 65,57 | 58,62 | 60,42 | 61,65 |
Korea, Republic of , Kwangyang (Gwangyang) | 34,74 | 34,88 | 36,38 | 40,18 | 37,61 | 41,68 | 52,74 | 54,21 | 57,56 | 62,07 | 62,42 | 58,97 | 61,01 | 61,04 |
France, Le Havre | 45,35 | 47,69 | 50,01 | 47,36 | 45,67 | 52,66 | 52,39 | 54,09 | 54,79 | 54,44 | 61,45 | 59,29 | 65,10 | 60,93 |
Spain, Algeciras | 33,35 | 37,75 | 42,99 | 40,67 | 44,01 | 34,05 | 39,82 | 46,75 | 56,45 | 54,19 | 60,34 | 62,27 | 63,18 | 60,50 |
Spain, Barcelona | 40,90 | 43,33 | 42,03 | 41,70 | 41,13 | 46,28 | 50,11 | 48,98 | 49,05 | 51,59 | 50,67 | 52,17 | 52,82 | 59,68 |
Egypt, Port Said | 39,44 | 36,40 | 39,02 | 36,17 | 36,11 | 40,06 | 45,34 | 45,74 | 49,46 | 49,60 | 48,76 | 46,12 | 54,19 | 56,86 |
Thailand, Laem Chabang | 34,87 | 35,81 | 35,28 | 34,07 | 40,42 | 40,67 | 38,74 | 40,61 | 42,49 | 44,37 | 46,42 | 43,60 | 45,80 | 55,05 |
Morocco, Tanger Med | – | – | 20,65 | 29,92 | 43,87 | 42,62 | 45,70 | 46,32 | 52,63 | 52,53 | 56,24 | 58,81 | 60,33 | 53,62 |
Italy, Genoa | 38,11 | 40,37 | 37,44 | 37,28 | 37,78 | 38,83 | 46,36 | 38,67 | 40,44 | 51,40 | 54,21 | 52,72 | 51,87 | 52,71 |
United Kingdom, Felixstowe | 44,32 | 44,82 | 41,35 | 44,41 | 52,90 | 51,24 | 48,05 | 47,41 | 45,36 | 54,72 | 57,74 | 54,25 | 57,77 | 52,35 |
Japan, Tokyo | 46,16 | 44,98 | 43,52 | 45,74 | 49,12 | 50,64 | 47,89 | 47,69 | 46,15 | 48,78 | 46,89 | 45,72 | 52,86 | 52,04 |
Saudi Arabia, Jeddah | 38,89 | 41,08 | 41,47 | 42,24 | 41,30 | 44,33 | 49,98 | 50,74 | 49,47 | 47,36 | 48,48 | 46,50 | 48,44 | 50,20 |
United States of America, New York/New Jersey | 36,09 | 35,81 | 33,44 | 35,97 | 39,15 | 39,81 | 41,56 | 40,78 | 40,47 | 41,37 | 40,74 | 39,12 | 48,46 | 49,92 |
United States of America, Savannah | 33,22 | 32,31 | 31,83 | 32,54 | 33,52 | 39,06 | 39,73 | 39,57 | 40,22 | 39,72 | 39,38 | 45,26 | 48,61 | 49,75 |
United Kingdom, London Gateway | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 20,51 | 25,46 | 26,12 | 38,35 | 40,86 | 49,26 |
United Kingdom, Southampton | 25,18 | 29,43 | 28,43 | 28,77 | 30,91 | 32,22 | 34,23 | 37,85 | 38,29 | 40,05 | 45,32 | 49,06 | 50,03 | 49,07 |
Italy, Gioia Tauro | 31,75 | 33,64 | 35,00 | 35,74 | 29,68 | 38,72 | 38,56 | 40,13 | 40,63 | 40,93 | 38,64 | 41,33 | 41,58 | 48,98 |
China, Taiwan Province of, Taipei | – | – | – | 19,72 | 21,09 | 21,55 | 26,02 | 24,72 | 25,25 | 27,07 | 37,60 | 37,93 | 38,70 | 48,81 |
Turkey, Ambarli | 16,22 | 15,48 | 19,46 | 18,40 | 22,92 | 24,42 | 27,19 | 43,59 | 44,40 | 45,66 | 45,18 | 44,18 | 45,27 | 47,49 |
Saudi Arabia, Damman | 20,11 | 21,54 | 22,70 | 31,33 | 30,51 | 24,95 | 27,95 | 28,20 | 28,51 | 27,93 | 29,64 | 35,05 | 38,21 | 46,80 |
United Arab Emirates, Khalifa | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 31,50 | 32,34 | 34,22 | 34,63 | 33,22 | 36,24 | 46,63 |
Malta, Marsaxlokk | 27,09 | 30,01 | 30,86 | 35,69 | 34,18 | 36,17 | 36,52 | 40,65 | 42,69 | 45,05 | 48,49 | 45,33 | 46,97 | 46,52 |
Japan, Kobe | 54,27 | 55,21 | 55,04 | 55,86 | 54,75 | 55,42 | 52,70 | 51,39 | 51,21 | 59,55 | 60,93 | 45,36 | 44,99 | 46,40 |
Saudi Arabia, King Abdullah | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 30,65 | 37,17 | 34,84 | 37,04 | 40,06 | 46,15 |
Oman, Salalah | 19,36 | 26,12 | 26,16 | 34,51 | 30,59 | 32,65 | 39,29 | 39,60 | 41,43 | 37,02 | 39,58 | 49,41 | 49,50 | 46,11 |
Denmark, Aarhus | 22,42 | 22,77 | 23,11 | 23,68 | 24,21 | 35,86 | 36,58 | 35,36 | 41,43 | 43,63 | 40,08 | 43,15 | 45,37 | 45,80 |
Poland, Gdansk | 5,28 | 5,27 | 6,35 | 5,91 | 22,68 | 33,01 | 33,08 | 33,38 | 40,02 | 41,54 | 42,86 | 42,76 | 46,95 | 45,70 |
Germany, Wilhelmshaven | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 18,47 | 18,70 | 37,44 | 37,78 | 41,81 | 46,03 | 45,59 |
Viet Nam, Vung Tau | – | – | – | – | 22,54 | 30,88 | 29,84 | 23,65 | 22,29 | 26,17 | 35,83 | 38,85 | 40,55 | 45,27 |
India, Mundra | 16,82 | 18,08 | 20,17 | 19,76 | 22,70 | 25,61 | 30,63 | 33,49 | 33,08 | 37,05 | 46,07 | 45,13 | 46,05 | 45,09 |
Sweden, Gothenburg | 24,57 | 24,43 | 23,17 | 26,60 | 26,10 | 37,65 | 39,46 | 36,36 | 41,37 | 31,71 | 40,63 | 43,91 | 44,63 | 44,94 |
Turkey, Mersin | 20,36 | 19,16 | 24,26 | 23,30 | 18,97 | 19,13 | 21,06 | 22,86 | 26,19 | 29,09 | 30,41 | 39,49 | 45,38 | 44,25 |
Belgium, Zeebrugge | 26,27 | 29,47 | 30,12 | 39,80 | 33,31 | 36,99 | 37,86 | 36,62 | 35,32 | 39,35 | 35,53 | 37,99 | 33,90 | 44,14 |
India, Nhava Sheva | 32,29 | 34,22 | 36,03 | 35,73 | 34,75 | 34,87 | 31,51 | 31,81 | 33,29 | 37,44 | 44,51 | 42,91 | 44,24 | 43,92 |
Viet Nam, Haiphong | 12,19 | 14,29 | 17,83 | 18,08 | 19,35 | 19,53 | 18,79 | 18,54 | 19,23 | 21,60 | 21,69 | 21,20 | 24,40 | 43,64 |
France, Fos | 27,92 | 29,41 | 29,95 | 28,50 | 30,28 | 33,36 | 40,23 | 41,39 | 42,06 | 41,44 | 42,98 | 43,54 | 44,07 | 43,54 |
France, Dunkirk | 25,33 | 24,63 | 11,67 | 24,56 | 23,82 | 27,14 | 31,87 | 34,14 | 33,90 | 29,65 | 38,80 | 40,71 | 41,94 | 43,13 |
United States of America, Charleston | 28,14 | 27,20 | 26,28 | 23,28 | 28,97 | 29,85 | 31,20 | 30,65 | 31,42 | 32,54 | 32,54 | 38,26 | 42,18 | 43,13 |
Indonesia, Jakarta | 30,39 | 30,53 | 30,96 | 32,70 | 31,73 | 32,29 | 32,74 | 34,68 | 33,39 | 34,25 | 33,42 | 41,58 | 44,01 | 43,09 |
United States of America, Oakland | 34,59 | 33,47 | 34,56 | 33,81 | 33,61 | 38,55 | 38,38 | 39,48 | 41,69 | 37,87 | 44,25 | 44,49 | 44,71 | 42,97 |
United States of America, Norfolk | 33,13 | 31,93 | 29,29 | 29,21 | 31,25 | 32,77 | 34,42 | 33,48 | 34,09 | 35,40 | 35,34 | 40,97 | 41,27 | 42,63 |
Japan, Nagoya | 51,48 | 52,47 | 50,60 | 51,33 | 50,36 | 50,28 | 47,93 | 48,22 | 46,52 | 55,70 | 56,11 | 42,49 | 42,67 | 42,31 |
United States of America, Los Angeles | 33,32 | 33,47 | 30,03 | 31,55 | 30,23 | 31,15 | 34,21 | 35,63 | 38,67 | 41,46 | 41,57 | 42,43 | 42,29 | 41,95 |
Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh City | 20,52 | 22,16 | 23,25 | 21,48 | 22,92 | 23,40 | 23,74 | 27,23 | 37,39 | 40,15 | 54,40 | 30,42 | 27,85 | 41,88 |
Israel, Haifa | 20,92 | 21,63 | 20,77 | 20,22 | 21,03 | 20,37 | 18,01 | 28,45 | 27,70 | 28,71 | 31,50 | 35,59 | 37,83 | 41,28 |
Italy, La Spezia | 25,68 | 26,89 | 27,52 | 26,28 | 28,53 | 34,51 | 38,32 | 40,12 | 39,61 | 39,34 | 40,19 | 41,83 | 43,58 | 41,21 |